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Tetraploid complementation assay
The tetraploid complementation assay is a technique in biology in which cells of two mammalian embryos are combined to form a new embryo.〔(Mouse embryonic chimeras: tools for studying mammalian development ), ''Development'' 130, 6155-6163 (2003)〕 It is used to construct genetically modified organisms, to study the consequences of certain mutations on embryonal development, and in the study of pluripotent stem cells.
==Procedure==
Normal mammalian somatic cells are diploid: each chromosome (and thus every gene) is present in duplicate (excluding genes from X chromosome absent in Y chromosome). The assay starts with producing a ''tetraploid'' cell in which every chromosome exists fourfold. This is done by taking an embryo at the two-cell stage and fusing the two cells by applying an electrical current. The resulting tetraploid cell will continue to divide, and all daughter cells will also be tetraploid.
Such a tetraploid embryo can develop normally to the blastocyst stage and will implant in the wall of the uterus. The tetraploid cells can form the extra-embryonic tissue (placenta etc.), however a proper fetus will rarely develop.
In the tetraploid complementation assay, one now combines such a tetraploid embryo (either at the morula or blastocyst stage) with normal diploid embryonic stem cells (ES) from a different organism. The embryo will then develop normally; the fetus is exclusively derived from the ES cell, while the extra-embryonic tissues are exclusively derived from the tetraploid cells.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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